Ninth Circuit: ECPA Protects Stored Communications of Foreign Citizens

Suzlon Energy Ltd. demanded Microsoft to produce emails from the Hotmail email account of Rajagopalan Sridhar, an Indian citizen imprisoned abroad. The district court held that the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (“ECPA”) prohibited Microsoft from producing the documents even though Sridhar was not a U.S. citizen. The Ninth Circuit affirmed.

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International Cellular Network Industry Association Releases Privacy Principles

Hot on the trail of the FTC’s recent report on privacy, the GSMA, the London-based industry association representing over 800 cellular network operators worldwide, released its “high-level” Mobile Privacy Principles (the “Principles”) on January 27, 2011. The Principles were released with the goal of creating a “robust and effective framework for the protection of privacy” to promote users’ confidence and trust in mobile applications. These Principles encourage a “privacy by design” approach to mobile privacy and encourage a consistent and harmonized approach to privacy across mobile services and applications. Such Principles are highly relevant after the surge in mobile computing made possible by mobile devices, such as the iPhone, Blackberry, and Droid.

The two boldest aspects of the Principles are found in the definitions—namely, in how “personal information” is defined and in the broad responsibility of privacy espoused by the Principles.

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Siriusly - Don't Forget the State "Do Not Call" Lists

A preliminary injunction recently obtained by the State of Missouri against Sirius XM Radio, Inc. provides a reminder that some states have "Do Not Call" lists that are separate from the National Do Not Call Registry maintained by the Federal Trade Commission and the Federal Communications Commission.

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Supreme Court of California Decision Upholds Promotional E-mail Sender's Method of Avoiding E-mail Filters

As a result of a recent Supreme Court of California decision, businesses may find it a little easier to send commercial e-mail advertisements. On June 21, 2010, the Supreme Court of California held that Vonage did not violate California law by sending commercial e-mail advertisements to individuals from multiple domain names for the purpose of bypassing e-mail filters. Kleffman v. Vonage Holdings Corp., No. S169195 (Cal. filed June 21, 2010).   

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No Question about Quon: U.S. Supreme Court Unanimous in Overturning Ninth Circuit

On June 17, 2010, in a decision authored by Justice Anthony Kennedy, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously overturned a decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in a case involving an employee’s assertion that a government employer had violated the Fourth Amendment by unreasonably obtaining and reviewing personal text messages sent and received on employer-issued pagers.  Click here to read our Client Alert about this important decision.

In case you were wondering, we previously reported on the Ninth Circuit's decision, and denial of rehearing en banc, in Quon v. Arch Wireless here and here.

District Court Rules TCPA Applies to Text Messages Even Though Recipient Not Charged to Receive the Message

The U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois recently ruled that a plaintiff may maintain a suit for receiving an unsolicited Short Message Service (“SMS”) text message under the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) of 1991, even though the plaintiff was not actually charged for receiving the message. In Abbas v. Selling Source, LLC, No. 09-CV-3413 (N.D. Ill. Dec. 14, 2009), Judge Joan B. Gottschall noted that in enacting the TCPA, “Congress was just as concerned with consumers’ privacy rights and the nuisances of telemarketing” as it was with cost-shifting of communications addressed by the TCPA. Judge Gottschall continued to state that “[a]utomated calls invade privacy and pose nuisances regardless of whether the called party is charged for the call, and so congressional intent is furthered by the TCPA’s application to both charged and uncharged calls.”

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Attorney-Client Privilege Waived by Imputed Knowledge of Employee And Employee's Attorney of Employer E-Mail Monitoring

In August, we wrote about the ruling of a New Jersey appellate court in Stengart v. Loving Care Agency, Inc., in which the court took a very narrow view of the ability of employers to monitor the e-mail communications of employees over its computer networks. In that case, which is now on appeal to the New Jersey Supreme Court, the appellate court held that an employee did not waive her attorney-client privilege with respect to e-mails that she sent to her attorney while using the employer's computer network, but via her personal Web mail account, despite the existence of a broadly worded communications policy giving the employer the right to access all communications occurring over its network. The appellate court court ruled that even if the employer's policy applied to the employee (she disputed its applicability), the employer's right to access to such communications pursuant to that policy was limited by the employer's "legitimate business interests." Such interests did not extend, the court concluded, to the employee's communications with her attorney.

In contrast to the New Jersey court's narrow view of the applicability of such policies, the district court judge in Alamar Ranch, LLC v. County of Boise, 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 101866 (D. Idaho Nov. 2, 2009), held that knowledge of employer monitoring of employee communications over its network could be imputed, not only to the employee but to the employee's attorney as well. As a result, the court held, the attorney-client privilege had been waived with respect to messages sent by the employee to the attorney using her employer-assigned e-mail account, and to messages sent to the employee at her employer e-mail address by the attorney.

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Rehearing En Banc Denied in Quon . . . With Dissent

On Tuesday, the Ninth Circuit denied rehearing en banc in Quon v. Arch Wireless, previously discussed here.  The dissent (1)  disagrees with the panel's conclusion that the SWAT team members had a reasonable expectation of privacy in the text messages on the grounds that the decision undermines the standard established by the Supreme Court in O’Connor v. Ortega, 480 U.S. 709 (1987); and (2)  finds that the method used by the panel to determine whether the search was reasonable conflicts with Supreme Court precedent holding that the Fourth Amendment does not require the government to use the “least intrusive means” when conducting a “special needs” search.  The dissent can be found here.  Judge Wardlaw's concurrence in the denial of rehearing en banc can be found here.  We will keep you posted on this one.

Wrath of Quon?

The June 18, 2008 Ninth Circuit panel decision in Quon et al. v. Arch Wireless et al., No. 07-55282 (9th Cir. June 18, 2008) has sparked a flurry of news reports and speculation regarding employers’ ability to monitor employees’ e-mails and text messages. In fact, the decision appears to change very little for private employers who wish to review employee communications stored on, or sent through, their own servers and computers. However, Quon does limit employers’ ability to request from third-party providers the contents of employees’ electronic communications. Continue Reading...

The Sixth Circuit Affirms Individual Expectation of Privacy in Emails

In a decision that will significantly impact the ability of the government to access electronic communications, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit on June 18, 2007, affirmed a district court’s issuance of a preliminary injunction prohibiting governmental entities from obtaining Internet Service Providers’ (“ISP”) subscribers’ e-mail communications unless the subscriber first receives prior notice and an opportunity to be heard.  Warshak v. United States, No. 06-4092 (6th Cir. 2007). The Court found unconstitutional the Stored Communications Act (“SCA”) provisions allowing Government seizure of such communications without prior subscriber notice, because the court order could be issued without a showing of probable cause that the subscriber had committed a crime. The Sixth Circuit found that individuals have an expectation of privacy regarding the contents of emails sent or stored through an Internet Service Provider (ISP).

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